Author(s): Maryam Hosseinzadeh, Mehrnaz Rafeei, Mana Hosseinzadeh, Ferial Lombard
Periodontal disease is an immune-inflammatory response of tooth-supporting struc-tures which progress will lead to loss of teeth. It is important to identify risk factors that influence the development of periodontal diseases. Different studies tried to de-termine the possible role of stress in the development of periodontitis. Psychological factors susceptible patients to gingivitis and periodontitis through two mechanisms. Behavioral mechanisms that relate to lifestyle and physiological factors that directly affect the host defense. In addition, activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus and as a result glucocorticoid from the adrenal cortex. The effects of stress on periodontal diseases can be related to the patients’ approach to deal with the stress. Different strategies that patients use to cope with the stress lead to different responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis that control the cortisol secretion. The effect of coping mechanism on the patients’ stress is one of the probable explanations for controversial results of studies about the relation of salivary cortisol level with stress. This study aims to review the relationship between depression, salivary corti-sol, and periodontal diseases
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